Ho thibela ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone ke thomo e potlakileng ea lefats'e, empa ha ho na tsela e 'ngoe e lekanang-tsohle' bakeng sa linaha tse kholo tse hlahisang litholoana ho fihlela sepheo sena1,2 .Linaha tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele, tse kang United States le tse Europe, li ntse li phehella mekhoa ea ho etsa decar bonisation e tsepamisitseng maikutlo haholo-holo holim'a likepe tse kholo tsa likoloi tse khanyang (LDV), ho fehla matla a motlakase, ho etsa thepa le mehaho ea khoebo le ea bolulo, likarolo tse 'nè tseo hammoho li ikarabellang bakeng sa ho etsa mesebetsi ea matsoho. bongata bo boholo ba mesi ea bona ea khabone3,4 .Li-emitter tse kholo tsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, joalo ka China, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li na le likhoho le meaho e fapaneng ea matla, e hlokang lintho tse tlang pele ho decarbonization eseng feela ka maemo a lekala empa hape le phepelong ea maano a mahlale a ntseng a hlaha a zero-carbon.

Liphapang tsa bohlokoa tsa profil ea khabone ea China ha e bapisoa le ea linaha tsa bophirima ke likarolo tse kholo haholo tsa tlhahiso bakeng sa liindasteri tse boima le likaroloana tse nyane haholo bakeng sa li-LDV le tšebeliso ea matla meahong (setšoan. 1).China e maemong a pele lefatšeng, ho fihlela mona, mabapi le tlhahiso ea samente, tšepe le tšepe, lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea kaho, e jang mashala a mangata haholo bakeng sa mocheso oa indasteri le tlhahiso ea coke.Indasteri e boima e kenya letsoho 31% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea hona joale ea China, karolo e ka holimo ho 8% ho feta karolelano ea lefatše (23%), 17% e kholo ho feta ea United States (14%) le 13% e phahameng ho feta ea European Union. (18%) (ref.5).

China e itlamme hore e tla etsa tlhōrō ea tlhahiso ea khabone pele ho 2030 le ho finyella ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon pele ho 2060. Litšepiso tsena tsa boemo ba leholimo li ile tsa fumana thoriso e atileng empa hape li ile tsa hlahisa lipotso mabapi le fea sibility6 , karolo e 'ngoe ka lebaka la karolo e kholo ea 'hard-to-abate' (HTA) mekhoa ea moruo oa Chaena.Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea matla indastering e boima le lipalangoang tse boima tse tla ba thata ho kenya motlakase ('me kahoo ho fetela ka kotloloho ho matla a nchafalitsoeng) le lits'ebetso tsa indasteri tse ipapisitseng le mafura a mafura bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale.Ho bile le lithuto tse seng kae tsa morao tjena1– 3 e ntse e etsa lipatlisiso ka litsela tsa bonization tsa decar tse lebisang ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone bakeng sa moralo oa China oa tsamaiso ea matla ka kakaretso empa ka litlhahlobo tse fokolang tsa likarolo tsa HTA.Machabeng, litharollo tse ka bang teng tsa ho fokotsa likarolo tsa HTA li se li qalile ho lebisa tlhokomelo lilemong tsa morao tjena7-14.The decarbonization of HTA sectors is the challenge because they ho thata ho kenya motlakase ka botlalo le/kapa ho bitsa chelete e ngata7,8.Åhman o hatelletse hore ho itšetleha ka tsela ke bothata bo ka sehloohong bakeng sa mafapha a HTA le hore ponelo-pele le moralo oa nako e telele bakeng sa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele lia hlokahala ho "notlolla" mafapha a HTA, haholo liindasteri tse boima, ho tsoa ho mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale9.Liphuputso li hlahlobile lisebelisoa tse ncha le litharollo tsa phokotso tse amanang le khabone, tšebeliso le/kapa polokelo (CCUS) le thekenoloji e mpe ea emission (NETs)10,11.ea bonyane thuto e le 'ngoe e lumela hore le tsona li lokela ho nahanoa moralong oa nako e telele11.Tlalehong e sa tsoa lokolloa ea Botšelela ea Tlhahlobo ea Phanele ea Mebuso ea Phetoho ea Tlelaemete, tšebeliso ea "moeko o fokolang" oa hydrogen e ile ea hlokomeloa e le e 'ngoe ea litharollo tsa bohlokoa tsa ho fokotsa likarolo tse ngata mabapi le ho fihlela bokamoso ba khase e se nang letho12.

Lingoliloeng tse teng ka hydrogen e hloekileng li lebisitsoe haholo ho khetho ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ka litlhahlobo tsa litšenyehelo tsa lehlakoreng la phepelo15.Hydrogen e 'hloekileng' pampiring ena e kenyelletsa hydrogen 'e tala' le 'blue' hydrogen, ea pele e hlahisoang ke electrolysis ea metsi e sebelisa matla a nchafatsoang, 'me ea morao-rao e tsoa mafura a khale empa e entsoe ka CCUS.) lefapha la lipalangoang linaheng tse tsoetseng pele—likoloi tsa hydrogen fuel cell ka ho khetheha16,17.Likhatello tsa decarbonization ea liindasteri tse boima li fokotsehile ha li bapisoa le tsa boema-kepe ba litsela, ho bonts'a maikutlo a tloaelehileng a hore indasteri e boima e tla ba teng.
ho lula ho le thata haholo ho fokotseha ho fihlela ho hlaha mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji.Lithuto tsa haedrojene e hloekileng (haholo-holo e tala) e bonts'itse kholo ea eona ea thekenoloji le litšenyehelo tse theohang17, empa ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling tse shebaneng le boholo ba mebaraka e ka bang teng le litlhoko tsa thekenoloji tsa liindasteri ho sebelisa monyetla oa kholo e lebelletsoeng ea phepelo ea haedrojene e hloekileng16.Ho utloisisa bokhoni ba hydrogen e hloekileng ho ntšetsa pele ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon lefatšeng ka bophara ho tla ba le leeme haeba litlhahlobo li lekanyelitsoe haholo-holo litšenyehelong tsa tlhahiso ea eona, tšebeliso ea eona ke likarolo tse ratoang feela le ts'ebeliso ea eona moruong o tsoetseng pele.Lingoliloeng tse teng ka hydrogen e hloekileng e tsepamisitse maikutlo. haholo-holo ka likhetho tsa theknoloji ea tlhahiso ka litlhahlobo tsa litšenyehelo tsa lehlakoreng la phepelo15.Hydrogen e 'hloekileng' pampiring ena e kenyelletsa hydrogen 'e tala' le 'blue' hydrogen, ea pele e hlahisoang ke electrolysis ea metsi e sebelisa matla a nchafatsoang, 'me ea morao-rao e tsoa mafura a khale empa e entsoe ka CCUS.) lefapha la lipalangoang linaheng tse tsoetseng pele—likoloi tsa hydrogen fuel cell ka ho khetheha16,17.Likhatello tsa ho felisoa ha lik'hemik'hale tse boima li fokotsehile ha li bapisoa le tsa boema-kepe ba litsela, e leng se bontšang maikutlo a tloaelehileng a hore indasteri e boima e tla lula e le thata ho fokotseha ho fihlela ho hlaha mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji.Lithuto tsa haedrojene e hloekileng (haholo-holo e tala) e bonts'itse kholo ea eona ea thekenoloji le litšenyehelo tse theohang17, empa ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling tse shebaneng le boholo ba mebaraka e ka bang teng le litlhoko tsa thekenoloji tsa liindasteri ho sebelisa monyetla oa kholo e lebelletsoeng ea phepelo ea haedrojene e hloekileng16.Ho utloisisa bokhoni ba haedrojene e hloekileng ho ntšetsa pele ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon lefatšeng ka bophara ho tla ba le leeme haeba litlhahlobo li lekanyelitsoe haholo-holo litšenyehelong tsa tlhahiso ea eona, tšebeliso ea eona ke makala a ratoang feela le ts'ebeliso ea eona ho moruo o tsoetseng pele.

Ho lekola menyetla ea haedrojene e hloekileng ho ipapisitse le ho hlahloba hape litlhoko tsa eona tse lebelletsoeng e le mofuta o mong oa mafura le phepelo ea lik'hemik'hale tsamaisong eohle ea matla le moruo, ho kenyeletsoa ho nahana ka maemo a fapaneng a naha.Ha ho na boithuto bo felletseng joalo ho fihlela joale mabapi le karolo ea haedrojene e hloekileng bokamosong ba China ba zero.Ho tlatsa lekhalo lena la lipatlisiso ho tla thusa ho rala 'mapa o hlakileng haholoanyane bakeng sa phokotso ea mesi ea CO2 ea China, ho lumella tlhahlobo ea bokhoni ba boitlamo ba eona ba 2030 le 2060 ba decarbonization le ho fana ka tataiso bakeng sa linaha tse ling tse ntseng li hōla moruong tse nang le makala a maholo a liindasteri tse boima.